LNG (liquefied natural gas)

LNG stands for liquefied natural gas and refers to natural gas that has been liquefied by cooling. It consists mainly of methane and is transported at around -160°C in a compact form.

Definition of LNG
LNG is liquefied natural gas that is produced by cooling. It has a significantly smaller volume compared to its gaseous state and is a fossil energy source composed mainly of methane.

Background / Origin
LNG is produced by purifying natural gas in a complex process and cooling it to temperatures of around -160°C. This process reduces the volume of the gas. This process reduces the volume of the gas to around one six-hundredth of its original volume, which enables it to be transported over long distances, especially to destinations that are not connected by natural gas pipelines.

The use of LNG is gaining importance worldwide, especially in the context of changing market conditions and the increase in export activities from the USA and Australia. These developments could further strengthen international trade in LNG in the future.

Properties
LNG has specific properties that distinguish it from other energy sources. It consists mainly of methane, but can also contain other gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ethane, ethene, propane, butane and small quantities of noble gases. Physically, LNG is liquefied at very low temperatures (approx. -160°C) and has low densities in its gaseous state. During storage, it remains under atmospheric pressure and requires insulated storage tanks to keep the temperature low.

The chemical composition of LNG makes it a relevant fuel, especially in shipping, where it is gaining importance as a means of propulsion due to its lower emissions.

Application and importance in the market
LNG is used in various areas, particularly for heating, cooking and as a substitute for conventional oil-based fuels. In shipping, LNG is becoming increasingly important as a fuel, as LNG tankers also use the transported LNG for their own propulsion. To run on LNG, ships need insulated storage tanks and dual-fuel engines that can run on both LNG and oil-based fuels. Trucks can also use LNG as a fuel, provided they are equipped with the appropriate tanks and engines.

Differentiation from similar terms
- LNG (liquefied natural gas): Mainly methane, used for heating purposes and as a fuel.
- LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas): Consists mainly of propane and butane, used in both domestic and commercial applications, such as fuel for vehicles.

Summary
LNG, or liquefied natural gas, refers to liquefied natural gas consisting mainly of methane. It is produced by cooling the gas to around -160°C, which makes it easier to transport over long distances. LNG has become increasingly important in the shipping industry, where it acts as an environmentally friendly propulsion system. It also differs from LPG in terms of its chemical composition and areas of application.